A woman’s body during pregnancy supplies the nutrients for her own body, but also the growing body of her unborn child. During this period, her body goes through many changes and the baby will be on a journey of rapid growth, both require important nutrients. A pregnant woman’s caloric need do not increase during the first trimester of her pregnancy, however they increase by 340 calories daily during the second trimester and 450 calories daily during the third trimester (Sizer & Whitney, 2014). Recommended servings from the food groups are as follows for pregnant women:
Dairy group – 3 cups per day
Meat/ Beans group – 5.5 oz. per day
Fruit group – 2 cups per day
Vegetable group – 2.5 cups per day
Grains group – 6 oz. per day
Oils/Healthy Fats – 6 teaspoons per day
(Smith, 2009)
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| ( UniversalHealthCarela.com, Nutrition during pregnancy) |
Nutrition recommendations for infancy:
When a baby is born, the woman’s body is already equipped to provide food to the infant via breast milk, and as long as the woman’s diet is nutrient dense, the only nutrient the infant will not get from the mother is vitamin D, which is typically absorbed through direct sunlight, but since this is not suggested for infants, there are supplements available (Sizer & Whitney, 2014). There are certain times when breast milk is not best, such as when the mother is sick, is taking drugs, or is physically incapable to provide sufficiently for the infant and in these situations there are iron fortified formulas that replicate the nutritional needs of the infant (Sizer & Whitney, 2014). This is also a time when a mother if breast feeding should increase her nutrition as well so she can remain healthy and provide for her child and a breast feeding mother should eat more than a pregnant mother (Sizer & Whitney, 2014).
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| (NiDerLander, Breastfeeding ) |
Nutrition recommendations for childhood:
The childhood years, from about 2 years old until around 12 years old, is a more difficult time frame to nail recommendations to because a child’s individual needs will vary based on age, activity level, growth patterns and gender; typically the older a child is, the more calories they will need to consume to meet their energy needs (Sizer & Whitney, 2014). Regardless of these large variances, children of all ages need to be consuming nutrient dense diets that will give them the vitamins and minerals they need to grow. The daily recommended servings for a child are:
Fruit – 1 to 1 ½ cups daily
Vegetables – 1 to 1 ½ cups daily
Grains – 1 ½ to 2 ½ oz daily
Meat/Beans – 2 to 4 oz daily
Dairy – 2 to 2 ½ cups daily
Oils/Healthy Fats – 3 to 4 teaspoons daily
(USDA, N.D.)
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| (Keeler, If they like it) |
Nutritional recommendations for adolescence: It is during the adolescence years that children begin to make their own diet choices, and it is also a time in life when they will reach an important growth spurt that changes the whole body, including the brain (Sizer & Whitney, 2014). The caloric needs of an adolescence will differ based on age, gender, body composition, growth patterns, and activity level, but a nutrient dense diet is still healthy and highly recommended (Sizer & Whitney, 2014). The daily recommended servings for adolescence are:
Fruit – 1 ½ to 2 cups daily
Vegetables – 2 to 3 cups daily
Grains – 3 to 4 oz daily
Meat/Beans – 5 to 6 ½ oz daily
Dairy – 3 cups daily
Oils/Healthy Fats – 5 to 6 teaspoons daily
(USDA, N.D.)
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| (CDC, Smart snacks in school) |
Nutritional recommendations for adulthood:
Once a person reaches adulthood, the body stops growing and things begin to regulate, or in some cases even reverse. For instance metabolism-controlling hormone thyroxin diminishes, reducing the body’s resting metabolic rate by 3 to 5 percent per decade, which causes the body to have a lower caloric need (Sizer & Whitney, 2014). Although most adults need the same amount of protein as they age, they need less calories and therefore should strive to get more calories from protein rich foods than they needed before (Sizer & Whitney, 2014). The daily recommended servings for adults are:
Fruit – 2 cups daily
Vegetables – 2 to 2 ½ cups daily
Grains – 3 to 4 oz daily
Meat/Beans – 5 ½ to 6 ½ oz daily
Dairy – 3 cups daily
Oils/Healthy Fats – 5 to 7 teaspoons daily
(USDA, N.D.)
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| (Okea, Adult Nutrition) |
References
CDC.
(Designer). (2014, June 05). Smart snacks in school [Web Photo].
Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/nutrition/standards.htm
Keeler,
L. (Producer). (2011). If they like it [Web Photo]. Retrieved from
http://www.readysetgrowmag.com/index.php?page_id=269&id=1368
NiDerLander.
(Photographer). (2014). Breastfeeding [Web Photo]. Retrieved from
http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/Hea-Irr/Infant-Nutrition.html
Okea.
(Photographer). (2014). Adult Nutrition [Web Photo]. Retrieved from
http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/A-Ap/Adult-Nutrition.html
Sizer, F., & Whitney, E. (2014). Nutrition - concepts and controversies. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.
Smith, K. (2009).
Nutritional needs of pregnancy and breastfeeding. Agricultural
Administration, Ohio State University Extension. Retrieved from
http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/pdf/5573.pdf
UniversalHealthCarela.com.
(Designer). (2013). Nutrition during pregnancy [Print Map]. Retrieved
from http://universalhealthcarela.com/nutrition-during-pregnancy-images/
US Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Health. (N.D.).
Myplate kids' place. Retrieved from website: http://www.choosemyplate.gov/kids/
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